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The rightmost bit trick

A smart and efficient code to compute the rightmost bit of a given bit vector. This case study is detailed in Inria research report 8821.


Authors: Clément Fumex / Claude Marché

Topics: Ghost code / Bitwise operations

Tools: Why3

References: ProofInUse joint laboratory

see also the index (by topic, by tool, by reference, by year)


module Rmbt
  use int.Int
  use ref.Ref
  use bv.BV64

  let ghost rightmost_position_set (a : t) : t
    requires { a <> zeros }
    ensures  { ult result (64:t) }
    ensures  { eq_sub_bv a zeros zeros result }
    ensures  { nth_bv a result }
  =
    let i = ref zeros in
    while ult !i (64:t) && not (nth_bv a !i) do
      variant {64 - t'int !i}
      invariant {eq_sub_bv a zeros zeros !i}
      i := add !i BV64.one
    done;
    !i

  let rightmost_bit_trick (x: t) (ghost p : ref int) : t
    requires { x <> zeros }
    writes   { p }
    ensures  { 0 <= !p < 64 }
    ensures  { eq_sub x zeros 0 !p }
    ensures  { nth x !p }
    ensures  { eq_sub result zeros 0 !p }
    ensures  { eq_sub result zeros (!p+1) (63 - !p) }
    ensures  { nth result !p }
  =
    let ghost p_bv = rightmost_position_set x in
    ghost p := t'int p_bv;
    assert { nth_bv (neg x) p_bv };
    bw_and x (neg x)

end

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Why3 Proof Results for Project "rightmostbittrick"

Theory "rightmostbittrick.Rmbt": fully verified

ObligationsCVC4 1.5CVC5 1.0.5Z3 4.12.2
VC for rightmost_position_set---------
split_goal_right
loop invariant init------0.01
loop variant decrease------0.03
loop invariant preservation------0.02
postcondition------0.01
postcondition------0.01
postcondition------0.01
VC for rightmost_bit_trick---------
split_goal_right
precondition------0.01
assertion------0.02
postcondition------0.02
postcondition------0.02
postcondition---0.03---
postcondition---0.79---
postcondition0.47------
postcondition---0.55---