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Publications : Marc Pouzet

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[45] Guillaume Baudart, Florent Jacquemard, Louis Mandel, and Marc Pouzet. A synchronous embedding of Antescofo, a domain-specific language for interactive mixed music. In Thirteen International Conference on Embedded Software (EMSOFT'13), Montreal, Canada, September 2013. [ bib | full text on HAL | .pdf ]
Antescofo is recently developed software for musical score following and mixed music: it automatically, and in real-time, synchronizes electronic instruments with a musician playing on a classical instrument. Therefore, it faces some of the same major challenges as embedded systems.

The system provides a programming language used by composers to specify musical pieces that mix interacting electronic and classical instruments. This language is developed with and for musicians and it continues to evolve according to their needs. Yet its semantics has only recently been formally defined. This paper presents a synchronous semantics for the core language of Antescofo and an alternative implementation based on an embedding inside an existing synchronous language, namely ReactiveML. The semantics reduces to a few rules, is mathematically precise and leads to an interpretor of only a few hundred lines. The efficiency of this interpretor compares well with that of the actual implementation: on all musical pieces we have tested, response times have been less than the reaction time of the human ear. Moreover, this embedding permitted the prototyping of several new programming constructs, some of which are described in this paper.

[44] Guillaume Baudart, Louis Mandel, and Marc Pouzet. Programming mixed music in ReactiveML. In ACM SIGPLAN Workshop on Functional Art, Music, Modeling and Design (FARM'13), Boston, USA, September 2013. Workshop ICFP 2013. [ bib | full text on HAL | .pdf ]
Mixed music is about live musicians interacting with electronic parts which are controlled by a computer during the performance. It allows composers to use and combine traditional instruments with complex synthesized sounds and other electronic devices. There are several languages dedicated to the writing of mixed music scores. Among them, the Antescofo language coupled with an advanced score follower allows a composer to manage the reactive aspects of musical performances: how electronic parts interact with a musician. However these domain specific languages do not offer the expressiveness of functional programming.

We embed the Antescofo language in a reactive functional programming language, ReactiveML. This approach offers to the composer recursion, higher order, inductive types, as well as a simple way to program complex reactive behaviors thanks to the synchronous model of concurrency on which ReactiveML is built. This article presents how to program mixed music in ReactiveML through several examples.

[43] Louis Mandel, Cédric Pasteur, and Marc Pouzet. Time refinement in a functional synchronous language. In Proceedings of 15th ACM SIGPLAN International Symposium on Principles and Practice of Declarative Programming (PPDP'13), Madrid, Spain, September 2013. [ bib | full text on HAL | .pdf ]
Concurrent and reactive systems often exhibit multiple time scales. For instance, in a discrete simulation, the scale at which agents communicate might be very different from the scale used to model the internals of each agent.

We propose an extension of the synchronous model of concurrency, called reactive domains, to simplify the programming of such systems. Reactive domains allow the creation of local time scales and enable refinement, that is, the replacement of an approximation of a system with a more detailed version without changing its behavior as observed by the rest of the program.

Our work is applied to the ReactiveML language, which extends ML with synchronous language constructs. We present an operational semantics for the extended language and a type system that ensures the soundness of programs.

[42] Louis Mandel, Florence Plateau, and Marc Pouzet. Static scheduling of latency insensitive designs with Lucy-n. In Formal Methods in Computer Aided Design (FMCAD 2011), Austin, TX, USA, October 2011. [ bib | full text on HAL | .pdf ]
Lucy-n is a dataflow programming language similar to Lustre extended with a buffer operator. This language is based on the n-synchronous model which was initially introduced for programming multimedia streaming applications. In this article, we show that Lucy-n is also applicable to model Latency Insensitive Designs (LID). In order to model relay stations, we have to introduce a delay operator. Thanks to this new operator, a LID can be described by a Lucy-n program. Then, the Lucy-n compiler automatically provides static schedules for computation nodes and buffer sizes needed in the shell wrappers.

[41] Albert Benveniste, Timothy Bourke, Benoit Caillaud, and Marc Pouzet. Divide and recycle: types and compilation for a hybrid synchronous language. In ACM SIGPLAN/SIGBED Conference on Languages, Compilers, Tools and Theory for Embedded Systems (LCTES'11), Chicago, USA, April 2011. [ bib | .pdf ]
Hybrid modelers such as Simulink have become corner stones of embedded systems development. They allow both discrete controllers and their continuous environments to be expressed in a single language. Despite the availability of such tools, there remain a number of issues related to the lack of reproducibility of simulations and to the separation of the continuous part, which has to be exercised by a numerical solver, from the discrete part, which must be guaranteed not to evolve during a step.

Starting from a minimal, yet full-featured, Lustre-like synchronous language, this paper presents a conservative extension where data-flow equations can be mixed with ordinary differential equations (ODEs) with possible reset. A type system is proposed to statically distinguish discrete computations from continuous ones and to ensure that signals are used in their proper domains. We propose a semantics based on non-standard analysis which gives a synchronous interpretation to the whole language, clarifies the discrete/continuous interaction and the treatment of zero-crossings, and also allows the correctness of the type system to be established.

The extended data-flow language is realized through a source-to-source transformation into a synchronous subset, which can then be compiled using existing tools into routines that are both efficient and bounded in their use of memory. These routines are orchestrated with a single off-the-shelf numerical solver using a simple but precise algorithm which treats causally-related cascades of zero-crossings. We have validated the viability of the approach through experiments with the SUNDIALS library.

[40] Albert Benveniste, Benoit Caillaud, and Marc Pouzet. The Fundamentals of Hybrid Systems Modelers. In 49th IEEE International Conference on Decision and Control (CDC), Atlanta, Georgia, USA, December 15-17 2010. [ bib ]
[39] Albert Benveniste, Tim Bourke, Benoit Caillaud, and Marc Pouzet. Non-standard semantics of hybrid systems: ODE. Submitted for publication, October 2010. [ bib ]
[38] Albert Benveniste, Benoit Caillaud, and Marc Pouzet. Non-standard semantics of hybrid systems: DAE. Submitted for publication, October 2010. [ bib ]
[37] Albert Benveniste, Tim Bourke, Benoit Caillaud, and Marc Pouzet. Divide and recycle: types and compilation for a hybrid synchronous language. Submitted for publication, October 2010. [ bib ]
[36] Louis Mandel, Florence Plateau, and Marc Pouzet. Lucy-n: a n-synchronous extension of Lustre. In Tenth International Conference on Mathematics of Program Construction (MPC 2010), Québec, Canada, June 2010. [ bib | .pdf ]
Synchronous functional languages such as Lustre or Lucid Synchrone define a restricted class of Kahn Process Networks which can be executed with no buffer. Every expression is associated to a clock indicating the instants when a value is present. A dedicated type system, the clock calculus, checks that the actual clock of a stream equals its expected clock and thus does not need to be buffered. The n-synchrony relaxes synchrony by allowing the communication through bounded buffers whose size is computed at compile-time. It is obtained by extending the clock calculus with a subtyping rule which defines buffering points.

This paper presents the first implementation of the n-synchronous model inside a Lustre-like language called Lucy-n. The language extends Lustre with an explicit buffer construct whose size is automatically computed during the clock calculus. This clock calculus is defined as an inference type system and is parametrized by the clock language and the algorithm used to solve subtyping constraints. We detail here one algorithm based on the abstraction of clocks, an idea originally introduced in [25]. The paper presents a simpler, yet more precise, clock abstraction for which the main algebraic properties have been proved in Coq. Finally, we illustrate the language on various examples including a video application.

[35] Louis Mandel, Florence Plateau, and Marc Pouzet. Clock typing of n-synchronous programs. In Designing Correct Circuits (DCC 2010), Paphos, Cyprus, March 2010. [ bib ]
[34] Louis Mandel, Florence Plateau, and Marc Pouzet. Lucy-n : une extension n-synchrone de Lustre. In Éric Cariou, Laurence Duchien, and Yves Ledru, editors, Journées nationales du GDR-GPL, Pau, France, March 2010. GDR GPL. [ bib ]
[33] Marc Pouzet and Pascal Raymond. Modular Static Scheduling of Synchronous Data-flow Networks: An efficient symbolic representation. Journal of Design Automation for Embedded Systems, 2010. Special issue of selected papers from http://esweek09.inrialpes.fr/Embedded System Week. [ bib ]
[32] Louis Mandel, Florence Plateau, and Marc Pouzet. Lucy-n : une extension n-synchrone de Lustre. In Vingt-et-unièmes Journées Francophones des Langages Applicatifs, Vieux-Port La Ciotat, France, January 2010. INRIA. [ bib | .pdf ]
Les langages synchrones flot de données permettent de programmer des réseaux de processus communicant sans buffers. Pour cela, chaque flot est associé à un type d'horloges, qui indique les instants de présence de valeurs sur le flot. La communication entre deux processus f et g peut être faite sans buffer si le type du flot de sortie de f est égal au type du flot d'entrée de g. Un système de type, le calcul d'horloge, infère des types tels que cette condition est vérifiée. Le modèle n-synchrone a pour but de relâcher ce modèle de programmation en autorisant les communications à travers des buffers de taille bornée. En pratique, cela consiste à introduire une règle de sous-typage dans le calcul d'horloge.

Nous avons présenté l'année dernière un article décrivant comment abstraire des horloges pour vérifier la relation de sous-typage. Cette année, nous présentons un langage de programmation n-synchrone : Lucy-n. Dans ce langage, l'inférence des types d'horloges est paramétrable par l'algorithme de résolution des contraintes de sous-typage. Nous montrons ici un algorithme basé sur les travaux de l'an dernier et comment programmer en Lucy-n à travers l'exemple d'une application de traitement multimédia.

[31] Marc Pouzet and Pascal Raymond. Modular static scheduling of synchronous data-flow networks: An efficient symbolic representation. In ACM International Conference on Embedded Software (EMSOFT'09), Grenoble, France, October 2009. [ bib ]
[30] Marc Pouzet and Pascal Raymond. Modular static scheduling of synchronous data-flow networks: An efficient symbolic representation. In ACM International Conference on Embedded Software (EMSOFT'09), Grenoble, France, October 2009. [ bib ]
[29] Louis Mandel, Florence Plateau, and Marc Pouzet. The ReactiveML toplevel (tool demonstration). In ACM SIGPLAN Workshop on ML, Edinburgh, Scotland, UK, August 2009. [ bib ]
[28] Paul Caspi, Jean-Louis Colaço, Léonard Gérard, Marc Pouzet, and Pascal Raymond. Synchronous Objects with Scheduling Policies: Introducing safe shared memory in Lustre. In ACM International Conference on Languages, Compilers, and Tools for Embedded Systems (LCTES), Dublin, June 2009. [ bib ]
[27] Paul Caspi, Jean-Louis Colaço, Léonard Gérard, Marc Pouzet, and Pascal Raymond. Synchronous Objects with Scheduling Policies: Introducing safe shared memory in Lustre. In ACM International Conference on Languages, Compilers, and Tools for Embedded Systems (LCTES), Dublin, June 2009. [ bib ]
[26] Albert Cohen, Louis Mandel, Florence Plateau, and Marc Pouzet. Relaxing synchronous composition with clock abstraction. In Hardware Design using Functional languages (HFL 09), pages 35--52, York, UK, March 2009. [ bib ]
[25] Albert Cohen, Louis Mandel, Florence Plateau, and Marc Pouzet. Abstraction of Clocks in Synchronous Data-flow Systems. In The Sixth ASIAN Symposium on Programming Languages and Systems (APLAS), volume 5356 of Lecture Notes in Computer Science, pages 237--254, Bangalore, India, December 2008. [ bib | PDF | .pdf ]
Synchronous data-flow languages such as Lustre manage infinite sequences or streams as basic values. Each stream is associated to a clock which defines the instants where the current value of the stream is present. This clock is a type information and a dedicated type system --- the so-called clock-calculus --- statically rejects programs which cannot be executed synchronously. In existing synchronous languages, it amounts at asking whether two streams have the same clocks and thus relies on clock equality only. Recent works have shown the interest of introducing some relaxed notion of synchrony, where two streams can be composed as soon as they can be synchronized through the introduction of a finite buffer (as done in the SDF model of Edward Lee). This technically consists in replacing typing by subtyping. The present paper introduces a simple way to achieve this relaxed model through the use of clock envelopes. These clock envelopes are sets of concrete clocks which are not necessarily periodic. This allows to model various features in real-time embedded software such as bounded jitter as found in video-systems, execution time of real-time processes and scheduling resources or the communication through buffers. We present the algebra of clock envelopes and its main theoretical properties.

[24] Gwenael Delaval, Alain Girault, and Marc Pouzet. A Type System for the Automatic Distribution of Higher-order Synchronous Dataflow Programs. In ACM International Conference on Languages, Compilers, and Tools for Embedded Systems (LCTES), Tucson, Arizona, June 2008. [ bib ]
[23] Dariusz Biernacki, Jean-Louis Colaço, Grégoire Hamon, and Marc Pouzet. Clock-directed Modular Code Generation of Synchronous Data-flow Languages. In ACM International Conference on Languages, Compilers, and Tools for Embedded Systems (LCTES), Tucson, Arizona, June 2008. [ bib ]
[22] Louis Mandel and Marc Pouzet. ReactiveML : un langage fonctionnel pour la programmation réactive. Technique et Science Informatiques (TSI), 27(9--10/2008):1097--1128, 2008. [ bib | PDF | .pdf ]
[21] Dariusz Biernacki, Jean-Louis Colaço, and Marc Pouzet. Clock-directed Modular Code Generation from Synchronous Block Diagrams. In Workshop on Automatic Program Generation for Embedded Systems (APGES 2007), Salzburg, Austria, October 2007. [ bib | PDF | .pdf ]
[20] Paul Caspi, Grégoire Hamon, and Marc Pouzet. Real-Time Systems: Models and verification --- Theory and tools, chapter Synchronous Functional Programming with Lucid Synchrone. ISTE, 2007. [ bib ]
[19] Sébastien Labbé, Jean-Pierre Gallois, and Marc Pouzet. Slicing communicating automata specifications for efficient model reduction. In 18th Australian Conference on Software Engineering (ASWEC), 2007. [ bib ]
[18] Jean-Louis Colaço, Grégoire Hamon, and Marc Pouzet. Mixing Signals and Modes in Synchronous Data-flow Systems. In ACM International Conference on Embedded Software (EMSOFT'06), Seoul, South Korea, October 2006. [ bib ]
[17] Farid Benbadis, Louis Mandel, Marc Pouzet, and Ludovic Samper. Simulation of ad hoc networks in ReactiveML. Submitted to publication, June 2006. [ bib ]
[16] Marc Pouzet. Lucid Synchrone, version 3. Tutorial and reference manual. Université Paris-Sud, LRI, April 2006. [ bib | http ]
[15] Paul Caspi, Grégoire Hamon, and Marc Pouzet. Systèmes Temps-réel : Techniques de Description et de Vérification -- Théorie et Outils, volume 1, chapter Lucid Synchrone, un langage de programmation des systèmes réactifs, pages 217--260. Hermes, 2006. [ bib ]
[14] Alain Girault, Xavier Nicollin, and Marc Pouzet. Automatic Rate Desynchronization of Embedded Reactive Programs. ACM Transactions on Embedded Computing Systems (TECS), 5(3), 2006. [ bib ]
[13] Albert Cohen, Marc Duranton, Christine Eisenbeis, Claire Pagetti, Florence Plateau, and Marc Pouzet. N-Synchronous Kahn Networks: a Relaxed Model of Synchrony for Real-Time Systems. In ACM International Conference on Principles of Programming Languages (POPL'06) [12]. [ bib ]
[12] Albert Cohen, Marc Duranton, Christine Eisenbeis, Claire Pagetti, Florence Plateau, and Marc Pouzet. N-Synchronous Kahn Networks: a Relaxed Model of Synchrony for Real-Time Systems. In ACM International Conference on Principles of Programming Languages (POPL'06), Charleston, South Carolina, USA, January 2006. [ bib ]
[11] Albert Cohen, Marc Duranton, Christine Eisenbeis, Claire Pagetti, Florence Plateau, and Marc Pouzet. Synchronizing periodic clocks. In ACM International Conference on Embedded Software (EMSOFT'05) [10]. [ bib ]
[10] Albert Cohen, Marc Duranton, Christine Eisenbeis, Claire Pagetti, Florence Plateau, and Marc Pouzet. Synchronizing periodic clocks. In ACM International Conference on Embedded Software (EMSOFT'05), Jersey city, New Jersey, USA, September 2005. [ bib ]
[9] Jean-Louis Colaço, Bruno Pagano, and Marc Pouzet. A Conservative Extension of Synchronous Data-flow with State Machines. In ACM International Conference on Embedded Software (EMSOFT'05), Jersey city, New Jersey, USA, September 2005. [ bib ]
[8] Louis Mandel and Marc Pouzet. ReactiveML, a Reactive Extension to ML. In ACM International Conference on Principles and Practice of Declarative Programming (PPDP), pages 82--93, Lisboa, July 2005. [ bib | PDF | .pdf ]
[7] Louis Mandel and Marc Pouzet. ReactiveML, un langage pour la programmation réactive en ML. In Seizièmes Journées Francophones des Langages Applicatifs, pages 1--16. INRIA, March 2005. [ bib | .ps ]
[6] Jean-Louis Colaço and Marc Pouzet. Type-based Initialization Analysis of a Synchronous Data-flow Language. International Journal on Software Tools for Technology Transfer (STTT), 6(3):245--255, August 2004. [ bib ]
[5] Jean-Louis Colaço and Marc Pouzet. Clocks as First Class Abstract Types. In Third International Conference on Embedded Software (EMSOFT'03), Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA, October 2003. [ bib ]
Clocks in synchronous data-flow languages are the natural way to define several time scales in reactive systems. They play a fundamental role during the specification of the system and are largely used in the compilation process to generate efficient sequential code. Based on the formulation of clocks as dependent types, the paper presents a simpler clock calculus reminiscent to ML type systems with first order abstract types à la Laufer & Odersky. Not only this system provides clock inference, it shares efficient implementations of ML type systems and appears to be expressive enough for many real applications.

[4] Paul Caspi and Marc Pouzet. A Co-iterative Characterization of Synchronous Stream Functions. In Coalgebraic Methods in Computer Science (CMCS'98), Electronic Notes in Theoretical Computer Science, March 1998. Extended version available as a VERIMAG tech. report no. 97--07 at http://www.lri.fr/~pouzet. [ bib ]
[3] Paul Caspi and Marc Pouzet. Synchronous Kahn Networks. In ACM SIGPLAN International Conference on Functional Programming, Philadelphia, Pensylvania, May 1996. [ bib | .ps.gz ]
[2] Maurice Pouzet and Faouzi Saïdane. Propriété de church-rosser d'un ordre sur les mots, 1991. [ bib ]
[1] M. Pouzet. Applications of well quasi-ordering and better quasi-ordering. I. Rival (ed.), Graphs and Orders, pages 503--519, 1985. [ bib ]

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